Taking Paris by storm in the winter of 1988-9, Mano Negra was touring the world by the following spring, achieving mainstream success in most of Europe and South America and recording a live album in Japan - however their embrace by the English-speaking world remained limited. This omnivorous approach, based on absorption and combination of a broad range of styles and sounds, was termed patchanka by the group (literally "patchwork", and the name of their first album). They also made frequent use of samples from everyday sounds, electronica and experimental post-production techniques. Mano Negra incorporated an impressive array of musical styles: punk rock, flamenco, ska, salsa, French chanson, hip hop, raï, rockabilly, reggae and African rhythms.
They are considered pioneers of world fusion. Their songs were mostly in Spanish, English and French, often switching from one language to the other in the same song or in the middle of a sentence or title (e.g. The group was founded in Paris by Chao, his brother (Antoine) and cousin (Santiago), all born of Spanish parents with partly Cuban roots. Music historians typically divide the history of ska into three periods: the original Jamaican scene of the 1960s the 2 Tone ska revival of the late 1970s in Britain, which fused Jamaican ska rhythms and melodies with the faster tempos and harder edge of punk rock forming ska-punk and third wave ska, which involved bands from a wide range of countries around the world, in the late 1980s and 1990s.Mano Negra (complete Spanish name: La Mano Negra, sometimes nicknamed La Mano in France) was a French music group active from 1987 to 1995 and fronted by Manu Chao. Later it became popular with many skinheads. In the early 1960s, ska was the dominant music genre of Jamaica and was popular with British mods. It was developed in Jamaica in the 1960s when Stranger Cole, Prince Buster, Clement "Coxsone" Dodd, and Duke Reid formed sound systems to play American rhythm and blues and then began recording their own songs. Ska is characterized by a walking bass line accented with rhythms on the off beat. It combined elements of Caribbean mento and calypso with American jazz and rhythm and blues. Ska is a music genre that originated in Jamaica in the late 1950s and was the precursor to rocksteady and reggae.
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